Influence of paper mixing pads thickness on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of the thickness of mixed cardboard on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement and the associated factors.@*METHODS@#Three different types of glass ionomer cements were mixed on the top of 60, 40, 20 and 1 pieces of paper (P60, P40, P20 and P1), respectively. The compressive strength of the materials was tested after solidification, and the bubble rate was calculated with the assistance of scanning electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#(1) Compressive strength: ① ChemFil Superior glass ionomer (CF): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was significantly different from that of P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.041 and 0.032 respectively); ② To Fuji IX GP glass ionomer (IX): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was statistically different from that of P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.042 and 0.038 respectively); ③ Glaslonomer FX-Ⅱ glass ionomer cement (FX): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was statistically different from that of P20, P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.031, 0.040 and 0.041 respectively), but there was no statistical difference among the other groups. All the three materials showed that the compressive strength of glass ions gradually increased with the decrease of the thickness of the blended paperboard, and the two materials had a highly linear negative correlation, the correlation coefficients of which were CF-0.927, IX-0.989, FX-0.892, respectively. (2) Scanning electron microscope: P1 group had the least bubbles among the three materials.@*CONCLUSION@#It indicates that the thickness of mixed cardboard has a negative correlation with the compressive strength of glass ions. The thicker the mixed cardboard is, the greater the elasticity is. Excessive elasticity will accelerate the mixing speed when the grinding glass ions. Studies have shown that the faster the speed of artificial mixing is, the more bubbles is produced.The thicker ther mixed cardboard is, the more bubblesn are generated by glass ionomer cement, and the higher the compressive strength is. Using one piece of paper board to mix glass ionomer cement has the least bubbles and can obtain higher compressive strength.

Comparison of clinical effect and muscle injury imaging between oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy and muscle injury imaging between oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in the treatment of single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 60 patients with single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent surgical treatment from January 2018 to October 2019 was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into OLIF groups and TLIF group according to different surgical methods. The 30 patients in the OLIF group were treated with OLIF plus posterior intermuscular screw rod internal fixation. There were 13 males and 17 females, aged from 52 to 74 years old with an average of (62.6±8.3) years old. And 30 patients in the TLIF group were treated with TLIF via the left approach. There were 14 males and 16 females, aged from 50 to 81 years old with an average of (61.7±10.4) years old. General data including operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, and complications were recorded for both groups. Radiologic data including disc height (DH), the left psoas major muscle, multifidus muscle, longissimus muscle area, T2-weighted image hyperintensity changes and interbody fusion or nonfusion were observed. Laboratory parameters including creatine kinase (CK) values on postoperative 1st and 5th days were analyzed. Visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI) were used to assess clinical efficacy.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the operative time between two groups(P>0.05). The OLIF group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss and postoperative drainage volume compared to the TLIF group(P<0.01). The OLIF group also had DH better recovery compared to the TLIF group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in left psoas major muscle area and the hyperintensity degree before and after the operation in the OLIF group (P>0.05). Postoperativly, the area of the left multifidus muscle and longissimus muscle, as well as the mean of the left multifidus muscle and longissimus muscle in the OLIF group, were lower than those in the TLIF group (P<0.05) .On the 1st day and the 5th day after operation, CK level in the OLIF group was lower than that in the TLIF group(P<0.05). On the 3rd day after operation, the VAS of low back pain and leg pain in the OLIF group were lower than those in the TLIF group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the ODI of postoperative 12 months, low back and leg pain VAS at 3, 6, 12 months between the two groups(P>0.05). In the OLIF group, 1 case of left lower extremity skin temperature increased after the operation, and the sympathetic chain was considered to be injured during the operation, and 2 cases of left thigh anterior numbness occurred, which was considered to be related to psoas major muscle stretch, resulting in a complication rate of 10% (3/30). In the TLIF group, one patient had limited ankle dorsiflexion, which was related to nerve root traction, two patients had cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and the dural sac was torn during the operation, and one patient had incision fat liquefaction, which was related to paraspinal muscle dissection injury, resulting in a complication rate of 13% (4/30). All patients achieved interbody fusion without cage collapse during the 6- month follow-up.@*CONCLUSION@#Both OLIF and TLIF are effective in the treatment of single-segment degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. However, OLIF surgery has obviously advantages, including less intraoperative blood loss, less postoperative pain, and good recovery of intervertebral space height. From the changes in laboratory indexes of CK and the comparison of the left psoas major muscle, multifidus muscle, longissimus muscle area, and high signal intensity of T2 image on imaging, it can be seen that the degree of muscle damage and interference of OLIF surgery is lower than that of TLIF.

Predictors and Dynamic Nomogram to Determine the Individual Risk of Malignant Brain Edema After Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background@#and Purpose This study aimed to construct an optimal dynamic nomogram for predicting malignant brain edema (MBE) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after endovascular thrombectomy (ET). @*Methods@#We enrolled AIS patients after ET from May 2017 to April 2021. MBE was defined as a midline shift of >5 mm at the septum pellucidum or pineal gland based on follow-up computed tomography within 5 days after ET. Multivariate logistic regression and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression were used to construct the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decisioncurve analysis were used to compare our nomogram with two previous risk models for predicting brain edema after ET. @*Results@#MBE developed in 72 (21.9%) of the 329 eligible patients. Our dynamic web-based nomogram (https://successful.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp/) consisted of five parameters: basal cistern effacement, postoperative National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, brain atrophy, hypoattenuation area, and stroke etiology. The nomogram showed good discrimination ability, with a C-index (Harrell’s concordance index) of 0.925 (95% confidence interval=0.890–0.961), and good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p=0.386). All variables had variance inflation factors of 0.7, suggesting no significant collinearity among them. The AUC of our nomogram (0.925) was superior to those of Xiang-liang Chen and colleagues (0.843) and Ming-yang Du and colleagues (0.728). @*Conclusions@#Our web-based dynamic nomogram reliably predicted the risk of MBE in AIS patients after ET, and hence is worthy of further evaluation.

Role of Tumor Associated Macrophages in Chemotherapy Resistance and Intervention with Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The tumor incidence goes up with every passing year. Chemotherapy， as one of the main treatment methods， is faced with a major challenge of drug resistance in clinical practice. Tumor-associated macrophages （TAMs） are the key factors inducing chemotherapy resistance of tumors. TAMs are inflammatory cells with the largest number in the tumor microenvironment， which are widely distributed in such epithelial tissues as large intestine and stomach in the immune environment and closely associated with multiple common cancers like breast cancer and colorectal cancer. TAMs can be divided into two phenotypes， with M2-polarized TAMs into the tumor-promoting phenotype that affects the oncogenesis and progression and promotes drug resistance via immune escape， angiogenesis and other ways. At the same time， the frequently utilized chemotherapeutic agents will increase the recruitment of TAMs and trigger the secretion of cytokines， leading to the excessive polarization of macrophages to M2 type， followed by tumor drug resistance. The molecular mechanism of chemotherapy resistance is complex， which is becoming an urgent problem in the field of chemotherapy. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has exhibited unique advantages in resisting tumor drug resistance. It has been proved efficient and safe in improving tumor microenvironment and regulating TAMs by acting on multiple targets via multiple ways， thus adjusting tumor progression and improving drug resistance. Based on related articles published in recent years， this paper reviewed the drug resistance-promoting effect of TAMs via regulating the immune microenvironment and interacting with tumor stem cells and the driving effect of chemotherapeutic agents on drug resistance to figure out the role of TAMs in chemotherapy resistance. Besides， it summarized the mechanisms of TCM in regulating related cytokines， proteins， activity， and the polarization direction of TAMs to expound the effective components of TCM in the intervention of drug resistance. The aim of this paper was to provide reference for further research on the biological mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and its targeted intervention with TCM.

Genetic Testing for Alpha and Beta Thalassemia in Children in Quanzhou Region of Fujian Province in China / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the genotypes and distribution of thalassemia in children in Quanzhou Region so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of thalassemia.@*METHODS@#A total of 1 302 children with suspected thalassemia were collected from January 2014 to April 2020 in Quanzhou Region. The deletional α-thalassemia was detected by Gap-PCR, and DNA reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization was used to detect α- and β-thalassemia mutations.@*RESULTS@#In the 1 302 cases, 667 cases were identified as thalassemia carriers, and the positive detection rate was about 51.23%. Among them, 380 cases of α-thalassemia gene were detected, and --@*CONCLUSION@#There are various genotypes of thalassemia in children in Quanzhou Region, and many children with thalassemia major or intermedia. Therefore, further prevention and control of thalassemia need to be strengthened for reducing the birth of thalassemia major or intermedia.

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of moxifloxacin nanoparticles against drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa / 药学学报

We prepared moxifloxacin (MXF) loaded nanoparticles by nano-precipitation/self-assembly method, then compared the antibacterial activity of MXF and MXF loaded nanoparticles, and investigated the antibacterial mechanism of MXF loaded nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The physicochemical properties such as particle size and zeta potential were investigated by laser particle size analyzer. The in vitro release characteristics were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effect of nanoparticles on HBE cells viability was investigated by CCK-8 assay. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial activity was investigated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, biofilm formation assays and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation, then the antibacterial mechanism was initially explored. The particle size measurement showed that the nanoparticles had a size of 332.5 ± 2.7 nm, a polymer dispersion index (PDI) of 0.125 ± 0.053, a zeta potential of -24.3 ± 1.7 mV, and a uniform particle size distribution, drug loading content was (6.02 ± 1.27) %, encapsulation efficiency was (16.69 ± 1.17) %. The TEM results show that the nanoparticles have a spheroidal structure, and the particle size and distribution are consistent with the particle size measurement results. The nanoparticles can be effectively and rapidly released in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), releasing about 70% in 24 h, and releasing 87% in 72 h, and almost completely releasing the MXF at 120 h. At the same time, compared with moxifloxacin free drug, its MIC value is 8 μg·mL-1, which is 1/2 of MXF solution, and can significantly inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms. It has well antibacterial activity in vitro and can be targeted to the surface of bacteria to exert its efficacy and improve the antibacterial effect. The moxifloxacin nanoparticles prepared in this study has a uniform particle size distribution, well drug release performance and antibacterial effect, and provides new ideas and strategies for the treatment of bacterial lung infection and the development of new antibacterial nanoformulations.

Effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection in Improving Sensitivity of Human Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells to Cisplatin Through Tumor Associated Macrophages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection on the sensitivity of cisplatin through immunomodulation, in order to explore its mechanisms. Method::The cell survival was measured by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), the rate of apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blot, and the expression level of cytokines was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result::Shenqi Fuzheng injection 1, 10, 100 mL·L-1 significantly inhibited the growth of co-cultured cells, and the cell survival rate was 71.8%and 59.9%at the concentration of 10, 100 mL·L-1 respectively.Shenqi Fuzheng injection 10 mL·L-1 combined with cisplatin significantly increased the sensitivity of co-cultured cells to cisplatin.The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of cisplatin was reduced from 30 to 15 μmol·L-1.The rate of apoptosis induced by the combined treatment increased by 15.5%compared with that of cisplatin 15 μmol·L-1 (P<0.05). The expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-w (Bcl-w) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) were inhibited, and the expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and protein induced by BH3 domain (Bid) apoptosis were increased (P<0.05). Shenqi Fuzheng injection reduced the release of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induced by cisplatin (P<0.05). Conclusion::Shenqi Fuzheng injection improves the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to cisplatin by regulating immune cells, and plays a synergistic role in inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells.This study provides experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of tumors with Yiqi Fuzheng method, and experimental reference for the study of traditional Chinese medicine in alleviating drug resistance of tumors.

Influence of different mixing pads on physical and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the influence of different mixing pads on the physical and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cement.@*METHODS@#Three different glass ionomer base cements were mixed with a plastic spatula on three different mixing pads including paper pad, glass pad and silicon pad whose HS were 40, 60 and 80. The GIC was packed into stainless steel molds to get specimens. Surface roughness, surface hardness and compressive strength were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#As for compressive strength, CF: There was the highest mean compressive strength that was significantly higher than those of silicon pad 60 group, paper 60 group and paper 20 group in silicon pad 40 group, the differences P values were 0.002, 0.027, and 0.036, statistically significant difference between the above groups (P<0.05). IX: there was the highest mean compressive strength that was significantly higher than those of silicon pad 60 group in paper pad 20 group,the differences P value was 0.008, statistically significant (P<0.05). FX: there was the highest mean compressive strength that was no significantly higher than those of paper pad 20 group in silicon pad 40 group, but was significantly higher than those of the other groups. As for surface hardness, CF: there was the highest mean surface hardness that was significantly higher than those of silicon pad 60 and 80 group, paper 60 group in silicon pad 40 group, the differences P value was 0.021, 0.001, 0.032, 0.008 and 0.016, statistically significant difference between the above groups (P<0.05). IX and FX: there was no statistical significance between any two groups in surface hardness. As for surface roughness, CF: there was no statistical significance between any two groups in surface roughness. IX: there was the lowest mean surface roughness that was significantly lower than those of paper pad 40 and 60 group in glass pad group, the differences P values were 0.003 and 0.027, statistically significant difference between the above groups (P<0.05). FX: there was the lowest mean surface roughness that was significantly lower than those of paper pad 60 group in glass pad group, the differences P value was 0.018, showing a statistical difference (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Mixing glass ionomer cement on silicon pad 40 results in higher compressive strength and lower surface roughness, worthy of clinical popularization.

Inhibitory effect of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins on advanced glycation end product formation in a lactose-lysine model system

Background Industrial food processing induces protein glycation modifications and toxic advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which affect human health. Therefore, it is of interest to monitor AGEs in food processing. The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidin (LSOPC) concentrations, solution pH value and metal ions on AGE formation by heat treatment of lactose-lysine model solutions. Ne-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML), as one of the common AGEs was also determined by HPLC-MS/MS in this experiment. Results The results showed that LSOPC can inhibit the formation of AGEs effectively at higher concentrations, lower temperature, and it can reverse the promotion function of metal ions because of its high inhibition activity. Also, LSOPC can inhibit CML formation in the Maillard reaction as well. Conclusion These results indicated that LSOPC could be used as functional food ingredients to inhibit AGE formation.

Brain natriuretic peptide and copeptin levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We explored the relationship between CVD, plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and copeptin in non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BNP and copeptin were measured using ELISA in 86 non-dialysis patients with different degrees of CKD and in 20 control patients. The effects of BNP, copeptin levels and other biochemical indices on carotid ultrasound echocardiography and CVD history were determined using correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BNP and copeptin levels were significantly higher in the CKD group than in the control group. Both indices increased progressively, in parallel with the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). BNP levels were (184.25 ± 65.18) ng/L in early phase CKD, (975.245 ± 354.09) ng/L in middle phase CKD, and (1463.51 ± 614.92) ng/ml in end phase CKD compared with levels of (101.56 ± 42.76) ng/L in the control group (all P < 0.01). Copeptin levels in the middle phase ((20.36 ± 9.47) pmol/L) and end phase groups ((54.26 ± 18.23) pmol/L were significantly higher than in the control group ((9.21 ± 2.64) pmol/L; both P < 0.01). There was no difference in copeptin levels between early phase CKD ((10.09 ± 5.23) pmol/L) and control patients. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified GFR, intima-media thickness (IMT), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and previous history of CVD as independent risk factors for elevated BNP and copeptin levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BNP and copeptin appear to provide sensitive biological markers for the evaluation of atherosclerosis in non-dialysis patients with CKD.</p>

Preparation and in vitro and in vivo study of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides-loaded cationic liposomes / 药学学报

The aim of the paper is to prepare stable antisense oligodeoxynucleotides-loaded cationic liposomes and evaluate the transfection efficiency of asODN to MCF-7 oophoroma cells and study their distribution to different tissues in mice. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODN)-loaded cationic liposomes were prepared by a thin film-adsorption-lyophilization method which is simple and can overcome crucial pharmaceutical defects (e.g. instability) of liposomes during storage. The morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscope. The size and surface charge of the liposomes were determined by laser particle analyter. The dissociated ligodeoxynucleotides were separated from the liposomes by sephadex column and the entrapment efficiency was determined by using an ultraviolet photometer. Trehalose, mannitol, and glycine were suitable for lyophilization especially trehalose. The resulting liposomes were global microcapsule in a narrow particle size with a mean diameter of 175 nm and 320 nm before and after lyophilization, and a high zeta potentials of +32 mV. The dissociated asODN were separated from the liposomes by sephadex G-50 column and the entrapment coefficient of asODN was 88.4% pre and 83.2% post-lyophilization separately for trehalose. The growth of MCF-7 oophoroma cells were inhibited in vitro obviously (P < 0.05) and transfection efficiency of asODN was 18%, 26%, 44% after 2 h, 4 h and 8 h, respectively. The formulation and method can be used to prepare stable cationic liposomes which can effectively inhibit the growth of MCF-7 oophoroma cells and obtain a high transfection efficiency. This system can improve distribution amount of asODN to tissues especially tumors in mice.

Review on experimental research of Chinese herbal medicine intervenion for breast cancer / 中国中药杂志

A review was about the mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine and its compounds intervening breast cancer in recent years. Experimental results showed that Chinese herbal medicine and its compounds have the activity of anti-cancer, through inhibiting the growth and proliferation of breast cancer cells, restraining the metastasis, appearing the estrogen-like activity and improving multi-drug resistance, and so on.

Bacteriological study on adult chronic sinusitis operated after endoscopic sinus surgery / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the bacteria isolated from middle nasal meatus, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus and postoperative cavity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and their characteristics of antibiotic resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-seven patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were operated on by ESS to obtain the pus specimen for bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility test, before and 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 645 strains (26 species) of bacteria were detected in 464 specimens [total positive rate was 78.9% (366/464)], in which aerobic bacteria was 95.3% (615/645). Gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria were 51.2% (330/645) and 48.8% (315/645), respectively. There was supernumerary tendency in detectable rate of gram negative bacteria isolated from postoperative groups. The main pathogens of postoperative patients were gram negative bacteria, with Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Hemophilus influenza occupying the first 3 places. The detectable rate of multiple drug resistance bacteria in postoperative group was much higher than preoperative groups, in which gram negative bacteria was the most, especially for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was significant difference in beta-lactamase detectable rate of the bacteria isolated from the delayed recovery group and the preoperative group (chi2 = 4.85, P < 0.05), Enterobacteriaceae occupied the first place among the beta-lactamase detectable bacteria isolated from the delayed recovery group. There was no significant difference in detectable rate of kinds of bacteria isolated from recovery group and control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main pathogens of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis are multiple drug resistance gram negative bacteria after operation, in which Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupies the first place. Gram negative bacteria are becoming the main opportunity pathogenic bacteria, which shows antibiotic resistance. microbial population of postoperative cavity from recovery group are becoming balanced.</p>

Effects of uremia patients sera on bone marrow derived CFU-E proliferation / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the existence of the erythropoiesis inhibitors(?).Methods Twelve patients suffered from uremia with anemia were studied[5 males,and 7 females,(50?12)years].Methylcellulose culture technique was used to culture mice bone marrow cells.The sera from the uremia patients were added to CFU- E and BFU-E culture medium with final concentrations of 1,25%,2.5% and 5%,Mice bone marrow cells were ob- tained from the female Balb/c mice.In vitro CFU-E and BFU-E culture in the presence of sera from uremia patients was compared with that in the presence of normal human subjects with the use of normal mice bone marrows.Re- suits The effects of the sera from uremia patients on CFU-E and BFU-E colon growth were in a dose-dependent manner.The effect was correlated with the concentrations of the sera(P

Treatment of atrophic rhinitis by transplantation of pediculated bone-suberiosteal muscle flap / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore a better method for treatment atrophic rhinitis.Methods 56 patients with atrophic rhinitis(96 lateral)were treated by nasal submucou pediculated bone-suberiosteal muscle flap extracted from anterior wall of sinus maxillaries.Results All patients were followed 2 to 10 years,total effective rate was 100 %, with 49 cases(87.5 %)showing prominent effect.Conclusion The grafted flap cannot be assimilated,felled off and necrosis,because the flap has rich blood supply.This methods has obvious short-term effective and stable long-term effective.No complications were found.

Study of the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and progressing stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between carotid atherosclerosis and progressing stroke.Methods103 patients with acute cerebral infarction within the first 24 hours from onset were tested with carotid color doppler ultrasonography during the first week from admission. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between carotid intima media thickness (IMT), plaque structure, the degree of artery stenosis and the early deterioration of cerebral infarction.ResultsPrevalence of carotid plaque and thickness of IMT in patients with progressing stroke were higher than that in non progressing patients. In logistic regression, presence of carotid plaque was independent predictors of progressing stroke. Plaque size, extent of artery stenosis and IMT were not included in the regression model.ConclusionPlaque structure and its chemical feature may be the cause of progressing stroke.